Long-term tree species population dynamics in Swiss forest reserves influenced by forest structure and climate

Changes in tree species composition can have strong effects on ecosystem functioning and the services provided by forests. Empirical observations provide an improved understanding of drivers population dynamics, yet long-term datasets are scarce natural This study used inventory data Swiss forest reserve network to assess dynamics over past 60 years. Tree status, dbh were repeatedly measured between 1956 2018 211 permanent plots 34 reserves that covered a wide environmental gradient. Differences richness density compared first last inventory. Furthermore, we generalized linear mixed effect models estimate processes ingrowth mortality seven abundant (Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris Quercus spp.) separately as function stand structural attributes climate. We found general decline dominant species, with low recruitment light-demanding increase richness, particularly colline vegetation zone. Both species-specific influenced climate variables. increased live increasing temperature. Ingrowth decreased higher Therefore, properties influence both essential for predicting ecosystems.